Abstract
Artificial intelligence is increasingly changing how library and information services are planned, delivered, and experienced. In Nigeria, this change is still developing, but its influence is already visible in academic and research libraries. This paper examines how artificial intelligence is shaping library and information services in Nigeria, focusing on emerging trends, key challenges, and possible future directions. It explains how AI tools are beginning to support library operations such as information retrieval, cataloguing, user services, and digital resource management. The study is based on a conceptual approach and draws on existing literature to explain these developments in a clear and connected way. Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation Theory and Sociotechnical Systems Theory were used to understand how AI spreads in library environments and how it interacts with human and institutional structures. The discussion shows that although some libraries are beginning to adopt AI-based systems, progress is still limited by weak infrastructure, low funding, and limited digital skills among library staff. Ethical issues such as data privacy and algorithmic bias also remain important concerns. The paper argues that the successful use of artificial intelligence in Nigerian libraries depends not only on technology but also on training, policy support, and institutional readiness. It concludes that AI has strong potential to improve library services if these challenges are carefully addressed.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Library and information services; Nigeria; Digital transformation; Academic libraries; Librarianship
Publication Date: 2026-07-31